This rule doesn't apply to L which is denoted by two letters but if you feel that pronunciation L is more like U, you can use the pronunciation of LI instead.ģ) A letter G stands for /ɡ/ at the beginning of a word or syllable but it's pronounced as J in front of E, I, Y or when it follows within the same syllable.Ĥ) The vowel A is usually pronounced as U (/ju:/), however, if there are two A symbols in a row with no vowel between them then they represent the sounds /eə/, e.g., TATA can be read as "TATU" or "TEAU".ĥ) Three letters stand for non-distinctive neutral sounds which are H for /h/, Q for /q/ and X for /ks/.Ħ) You can use the letter J instead of the first T to denote T, e.g., JTOO (jet).ħ) When pronunciation of L is close to U, you can replace it with LI, however, this rule doesn't apply to initial or medial positions.Ĩ) Vowel I can be pronounced as /ju:/ when it follows W (/w/), S (/s/), Y (/j/) or an unvoiced consonant (/k/, /f/, /t/, etc.), e.g., TWIX (twice), SIERRA (serious).ĩ) The letter X denotes either /z/ or /gz/. This means that the pronunciation of Y can be heard as either I or U depending on its environment. The first one stands for non-distinctive or neutral before the vowels A, E, U while the second one will be used before other vowels. The final version was put into use in March of 1956, and adopted shortly thereafter by both military and civilian radio operators.1) If the letter is denoting a vowel, then it should be pronounced as it is (A, E, I, O, U etc.).Ģ) There are 10 semivowels which are W for /w/, Y for /j/, H for /h/, R for /r/ and two T symbols. At airports which serve Delta Airlines, Dixie, David, or Data are generally used instead of Delta to avoid further confusion. The words used for C, M, N, U and X received the replacement words that you are probably familiar with today. The biggest problem words? Delta, Extra, Nectar and Victor. The code was tested hundreds of thousands of times in 31 nations to identify the words causing the most issues. However, as one would expect, trying to adopt this alphabet across so many different countries wasn’t a smooth process. It took several more years of tweaking to get the sounds common to all of these languages right, and on Novemthis new phonetic code was implemented:Īlfa (Alpha) Bravo Coca Delta Echo Foxtrot Golf Hotel India Juliett (Juliet) Kilo Lima Metro Nectar Oscar Papa Quebec Romeo Sierra Tango Union Victor Whisky Extra Yankee Zulu In 1947, the International Air Transport Association developed a new draft code that was meant to act as a universal cipher for those speaking in English, French, Spanish and Portuguese. These countries used the Ana Brazil code, a modified code which was easier for Spanish speakers. The Able Baker code continued to be used in both military and civil aviation after the war, until flights to and from Latin and South America became more common later in the decade. This became known as the Able Baker alphabet, which was also used by the RAF in 1943 to make communications between the two allied nations easier. armed forces worked together to standardize their own internal alphabets in the lead up to the war. World War II marked a significant uptick in both civilian and military flight operations around the world. In 1932, several amendments were made to the alphabet to make it more understandable, and it was this alphabet that the International Commission for Air Navigation used right up until World War II.Īmsterdam Baltimore Casablanca Denmark Edison Florida Gallipoli Havana Italia Jerusalem Kilogramme Liverpool Madagascar NewYork Oslo Paris Quebec Roma Santiago Tripoli Uppsala Valencia Washington Xanthippe Yokohama Zurich As such, the alphabet quickly became a work in progress as problems with comprehension were identified through frequent use. This combination of letters and numbers needed to be understood by both English and non-English speakers. The first recognized radiotelephone spelling alphabet was put into practice by the International Telecommunication Union in 1927. It soon became clear, however, that these communications could be garbled or misunderstood, often resulting in tragic consequences. The rise of radio and telephone communications in the early to mid-twentieth century had a powerful impact on all aspects of life, including the emerging field of aviation. Despite its widespread use, few realize what an accomplishment it was to create a universal code that we could safely use to navigate the skies – no matter our country of origin or destination. It’s the world’s most used radiotelephonic code, which assigns code words that represent each letter of the English alphabet. It’s the language pilots use every day in the air: the International Radiotelephone Spelling Alphabet, also known as the NATO phonetic alphabet.
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